THE LIVING WORLD

1	If a habitat contains 40 animal species and 40 plant species, it is considered as: (a) diversity (b) biodiversity (c) ecosystem (d) population	1
2	Which language should be preferred for naming the species? (a) English (b) Spanish (c) French (d) Latin	1
3	Organisms belonging to a defined group called genus signify: (a) an individual plant or animal (b) a collection of plants or animals (c) a group of closely related species of plants or animals (d) none of the above	1
4	The explicit characteristic of microorganisms is defined by: (a) metabolism (b) sexual reproduction (c) growth (d) asexual reproduction	1
5	The category sharing the least similar characteristics among the following is: (a) Species (b) Class (b) Class (d) Family	1
6	The term 'systematics' was coined by which researcher? (a) John Ray (b) Carolus Linnaeus (c) Julian Huxley (d) Charles Darwin	1
7	Choose the odd one out of the following options. (a) Solanum (c) Datura (d) Solanaceae (b) Petunia	1
8	Which taxonomic category is specifically defined for plants and not for other organisms? (a) Kingdom (b) Division (c) Phylum (d) Class	1
9	All the chemical reactions inside the human body are needed for energy production. What chemical reactions are involved in energy release? (a) Anabolic reactions (b) Catabolic reactions (c) Metabolic reactions (d) All of the above	1
10	What is the common method of reproduction found in Hydra? (a) Cell division (b) Fragmentation (c) Budding (d) Sexual reproduction	1

ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

(c) Assertion (A) is true, and Reason (R) is false.

(d) Assertion (A) is false, and Reason (R) True.

11	Assertion (A): Species Taxonomic hierarchy is the unit of classification that arranges all the taxonomic categories. Reason (R): Taxonomic hierarchy is the arrangement of all taxonomic categories in descending order from kingdom to species.	1
12	Assertion (A): The term systematics refers to the diversity of different kinds of organisms and their relationship. Reason (R): Systematics deals with the identification, naming and classification of the organisms into groups.	1
13	Assertion (A): Organisms are divided into distinct taxonomic categories. Reason (R): Higher the taxonomic category, the more similarities are present within the organisms.	1
14	Assertion (A): Taxa cannot indicate categories at different levels. Reason (R): Dog is a mammal and mammals are animals but 'animals', 'mammal', 'dog' can represent taxa at different levels.	1

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

15	If an organism is discovered dissimilar to all the existing species known to us. Where do newly found organisms find their place in the hierarchical system of classification for study and research?	2
16	Discuss the advantages of assigning a scientific name to a living organism.	2
17	The nomenclature codes for plants are determined by which set of rules?	2
18	The nomenclature codes for animals are determined by which set of rules?	2
19	The word 'species' is used extensively in biology. How can you define the term species?	2

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

20	The number and kinds of organisms are not constant. How do you explain this statement?	3
21	What are the rules of binomial nomenclature?	3
22	A plant species shows several morphological variations in response to the altitudinal gradient. When grown under similar conditions of growth, the morphological variations disappear and all the variants have common morphology. What are these variants called?	3
23	In the field of science, the nomenclature is an obligatory study for studying organisms which are articulated to define in what way?	3
24	State one difference between flora and fauna.	3
25	Name the three domains of the classification system and state the characteristics of each of them.	3
26	Expand: (a) ICBN (b) ICZN (c) ICVN (d) ICBN for bacteria	3

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

27	Some of the properties of tissues are not features of their constituent cells. Give three examples to support the statement.	5
28	Illustrate taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples from plant and animal species.	5
29	Describe all the taxonomical categories with suitable example.	5
30	Depict the classification of potato, tomato and brinjal.	5
31	Describe the classification of lion, tiger and leopard.	5
32	Describe the classification of human, monkey and apes.	5
33	Describe the classification of housefly, mosquito and honeybee.	5

CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS

Taxonomy and systematics are branches of science that include the study of the classification, nomenclature, identification, and evolutionary history of an organism. Thus, the taxonomic characteristics of an organism along with its evolutionary history come under systematics. In 1913, AP de Candolle was the first to introduce the term taxonomy while systematics was introduced during the time of human civilisation.

The term systematics is derived from the Latin word 'systema' which means the systematic arrangement of organisms. Linnaeus (father of taxonomy) published his book Systema Naturae where the classification of plants and animals was based on taxonomy. In 1940, Julia Huxley was the one who developed the concept of neo-systematics. It involves the known characteristics of an organism and also the known evidence from different fields of biology.

(a) What are the basis of modern taxonomical studies?

(b) Who is the father of taxonomy?

(d) Define systematics.

(e) Who wrote the book Systema Naturae?

Classification involves hierarchy of steps in which each step represents taxonomic category. Each taxonomic category is referred to as a unit of classification and is commonly termed as taxon. Taxonomic hierarchy is a system of arranging all taxonomic categories in descending order with kingdom at the top and species at the base. As we go up the taxonomic hierarchy, the number of individuals' increases but the number of common characteristics goes on decreasing.

(a) What do you mean by classification?

(b) Define taxonomy.

(d) What do you mean by taxon.

(e) Is there any scientific name for the human community?

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