HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1	The diagnostic test that confirms typhoid in humans is (a) ELISA (c) MRI (b) Widal (d) amniocentesis	1
2	Select the pathogen mismatched with the symptoms of disease caused by it from the list given below: (a) Entamoeba histolytica: Constipation, abdominal 1 pain. (b) Epidermophyton: Dry scaly lesions on nail. (c) Wuchereria bancrofti: Chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels of lower limb. (d) Haemophilus influenzae: Blockage of the intestinal passage.	1
3	The vector for dengue fever is (a) female Aedes mosquito (b) female Anopheles mosquito (c) male Aedes mosquito (d) female Culex mosquito	1
4	A patient is suffering from the infection of the alveoli of lungs and is showing the symptoms of fever, chills, cough, headache and bluish coloured lips and finger nails. The patient was diagnosed to be suffering from the infection of (a) Epidermophyton (b) Entamoeba histolytica (c) Haemophilus influenzae (d) Salmonella typhi	1
5	Select the correct option regarding a disease with its causal organism where haemozoin is released by the rupture of RBCs (a) Amoebiasis, Plasmodium vivax (b) Malaria, Rhinovirus (c) Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum (d) Pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae	1
6	The principle of vaccination is based on the property of (a) specificity (b) diversity (c) memory (d) discrimination between self and non-self	1
7	During an allergic reaction, the binding of antigen to IgE antibodies initiates release of (a) interferon (b) histamine (c) heparin (d) acetylamine	1
8	Opioids act as (a) depressants (b) painkillers (c) euphoria providers (d) stimulants	1
9	Interferons are most effective in making non-infected cells resistant against the spread of which of the following diseases in humans? (a) Ascariasis (b) Ringworm (c) Amoebiasis (d) AIDS	1
10	The decrease in the T-lymphocytes count in human blood will result in (a) decrease in antigens (b) decrease in antibodies (c) increase in antibodies (d) increase in antigens.	1

ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

(c) Assertion (A) is true, and Reason (R) is false.

(d) Assertion (A) is false, and Reason (R) True.

11	Assertion( A): Plasmodium is an endoparasite. Reason (R): Plasmodium lives over the surface of their host.	1
12	Assertion (A): Interferons protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. Reason (R): Interferons are low molecular weight proteins produced by virus infected cells.	1
13	Assertion (A): Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs. Reason (R): Spleen is the secondary lymphoid organ where maturation and proliferation of only T cells takes place.	1
14	Assertion (A): Natural active immunity is the resistance transferred from mother to foetus through placenta. Reason (R): Active immunity is developed when the person's own cells produce antibodies in response to infection or vaccine.	1

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

15	Name one air borne and a water borne disease in humans. List one specific symptom of each one of them.	2
16	Ringworm is one of the most common infectious fungal disease in humans. Name any two genera of fungi which cause ringworm and state any of its two symptoms.	2
17	Differentiate between the roles of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes in generating immune responses.	2
18	Name the types of acquired immune responses and the special types of lymphocytes involved in providing them.	2
19	Explain, giving two reasons, how immune response by "vaccine" is different from that by "antitoxin in humans.	2

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

20	Plasmodium protozoan needs both a mosquito and a human host for its continuity." Explain.	3
21	Compare the symptoms of ascariasis, amoebiasis and elephantiasis.	3
22	We all must work towards maintaining good health because 'health is wealth. Enlist any six ways of achieving good health.	3
23	What is the functional difference between B-cells and T-cells?	3
24	Following a road accident four injured persons were brought to a nearby clinic. The doctor immediately injected them with tetanus antitoxin. (a) What is tetanus antitoxin? (b) Why were the injured immediately injected with this antitoxin? (c) Name the kind of immunity this injection provide.	3
25	Many people experience allergic symptoms of Sneezing or wheezing on exposure to certain substances in the environment. Give two examples of such substances. Which type of antibodies are produced by the body in response to these substances? Mention the role of mast cells in this kind of allergic response.	3
26	Name the cells that acts as HIV factory in humans who infected by HIV. Explain the events that occur in these infected cells.	3

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

27	A patient is suffering from fatigue, high fever, and weight loss, and has been observing an increasing number and size of lumps in various regions of her body over a very short time. (a) What could she be suffering from? (b) Mention FOUR ways in which the disease identified in (a) is caused and FOUR techniques that can be used to diagnose it.	5
28	With the help of a flow chart illustrate how an infected animal cell can survive while viruses are being replicated or released.	5
29	(a) How do normal cells become cancerous? (b) Cancer can be treated successfully only if detected at an early stage. How do the following help in detecting cancer? (i) Biopsy, (ii) Histopathology, (iii) MRI (c) Name any two methods that can possibly cure cancer.	5
30	At what stage does Plasmodium gain entry into the human body? Write the different stages of its life cycle in the human body and mosquito host.	5
31	(ⅰ) Name and explain the property present in normal cells but is lost in cancer cells. (ii) All normal human cells have genes that may become cancerous under certain conditions. Name them and explain how. (iii) State the role of the following techniques in detection and diagnosis of cancer: (1) Biopsy and histopathology (2) Magnetic Resonance Imaging	5
32	Under polio prevention programme, infants in India were given polio vaccines on a large scale at regular intervals to eradicate polio from the country. (a) What is a vaccine? Explain how does it impart immunity to the child against the disease. (b) With the help of an example each, differentiate between active and passive immunity	5
33	How do normal cells get transformed into cancerous neoplastic cells? Elaborate giving three examples of inducing agent. Explain any three diagnostic techniques for the detection of cancer.	5

CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS

34	Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions: A 28-year-old man visits a hospital with frequent infections, weight loss, and extreme fatigue. Tests confirm HIV infection. 1. Name the virus causing this disease. 2. Which type of cells are mainly attacked by HIV? 3. Why does the patient suffer from repeated infections? 4. Mention two ways in which HIV spreads. 5. Write one preventive measure that can be taken to control the spread of this disease.	4
35	Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions: Meena, a 45-year-old woman, has developed uncontrolled cell growth in her breast tissues. Doctors confirm it is malignant cancer. 1. What is the basic characteristic of cancer cells? 2. What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? 3. Name one diagnostic technique used to confirm cancer. 4. Suggest any two methods of treatment. 5. Mention one carcinogen that can cause cancer.	4
36	Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions: Ravi, a 30-year-old man, has been suffering from persistent cough, mild fever, fatigue, and night sweats for the past month. His sputum test shows the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1. Name the pathogen responsible for Ravi’s condition. 2. How does this pathogen spread from one person to another? 3. Which part of the body is primarily affected by this disease? 4. Name any two preventive measures Ravi should take to avoid spreading the disease to others. 5. Suggest one antibiotic generally used for treatment.	4
37	Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions: Seema returned from a village trip and developed high fever with chills at regular intervals. Her blood smear showed Plasmodium vivax in the RBCs. 1. Name the vector that transmits this disease. 2. In which organ of the vector does the sexual cycle of the parasite occur? 3. Why does fever occur at regular intervals in malaria patients? 4. Mention any two preventive measures against malaria. 5. Which organ of Seema is most commonly affected by malarial infection?	4